美國有關(guān)食品安全的法律法規(guī)非常繁多,這些法律法規(guī)覆蓋了所有食品,,為食品安全制定了非常具體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及監(jiān)管程序,對進(jìn)口食品的認(rèn)證,、包裝,、標(biāo)識及檢測、檢驗方法作了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定,,構(gòu)成了一張非常嚴(yán)密的食品安全保護(hù)法規(guī)網(wǎng),。其中,《聯(lián)邦食品、藥品和化妝品法》是美國食品安全的主要法規(guī),。此外,,還有一系列的相關(guān)的法律法規(guī),它們共同構(gòu)成了美國食品安全監(jiān)管的法律依據(jù),。
1.《聯(lián)邦食品,、藥品和化妝品法》
《聯(lián)邦食品、藥品和化妝品法》是美國關(guān)于食品和藥品的基本法,。自1938年頒布以來,,歷經(jīng)數(shù)次修改,已成為世界同類法中最全面的一部法律,。
2 與《聯(lián)邦食品,、藥品和化妝品法案》相關(guān)的法案:
有許多法律是對這部法案的重要補充,還有許多法律是與食相關(guān)的,。
(1) 對《聯(lián)邦食品,、藥品和化妝品法》重要補充的法案:
- Infant Formula Act of 1980 (summary)
Public Law(PL)96-359(Oct. 26,1980)
PL 97-414(Jan. 4,,1983)
More information about orphan drugs
- Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984(summary)
PL 98-417(Sept. 24,,1984)
- Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987
PL 100-293(Aug. 18,1988)
- Generic Animal Drug and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1988(summary)
PL 100-670(Nov. 16,,1988)
- Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990(summary)
PL 101-535(Nov. 8,,1990)
- Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990(summary)
PL 101-629(Nov. 28,,1990)
- Medical Device Amendments of 1992(summary)
PL 102-300(June 16,1992)
- Prescription Drug Amendments of 1992
PL 102-353(Aug. 26,,1992)
- Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA)of 1992
PL 102-571(Oct. 29,,1992)
More information about PDUFA
- Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act(AMDUCA)of 1994
PL 103-396(Oct. 22,1994)
More information about AMDUCA
- Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
PL 103-417(Oct. 25,,1994)
- Food Quality Protection Act of 1996
PL 104-170(Aug. 3,,1996)
- Animal Drug Availability Act of 1996
PL 104-250(Oct. 9,1996)
- Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act(FDAMA)of 1997
PL 105-115(Nov. 21,,1997)
More information about FDAMA
- Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act
PL 107-109(Jan. 4,,2002)
- Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act(MDUFMA)of 2002
PL 107-250(Oct.26,2002)
More information about MDUFMA
- Animal Drug User Fee Act of 2003 PDF(51 KB)
PL 108-130(Feb. 20,, 2003)
More information about ADUFA
- Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2003
PL 108-155(Dec. 3,,2003)
- Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Health Act of 2004
- Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004
PL 108-282 (Aug. 2, 2004)
(2) 對FDA有重要影響的法案有:
- Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906 (repealed; for historical reference)
- Federal Meat Inspection Act (March 4,,1907)
- Federal Trade Commission Act (Sept. 26,,1914)
- Filled Milk Act (March 4,1923)
- Import Milk Act (Feb. 15,,1927)
- Public Health Service Act (July 1,, 1944)
- Trademark Act of 1946 (July 5, 1946)
- Reorganization Plan 1 of 1953 (March 12,,1953)
- Poultry Products Inspection Act (Aug. 28,,1957)
- Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (Nov. 3,1966)
- The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (Jan. 1,,1970)
- Controlled Substances Act (Oct. 27,, 1970)
- Current regulations listing schedules of controlled substances
- Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (Oct. 27,1970)
- Egg Products Inspection Act (Dec. 29,,1970)
- Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act (Jan. 13,,1971)
- Federal Advisory Committee Act(Oct. 6,1972)
- Government in the Sunshine Act (Sept. 13,,1976)
- Government Patent Policy Act of 1980 (Dec. 12,,1980)
- Federal Anti-Tampering Act (Oct. 13,1983)
- Sanitary Food Transportation Act (Nov. 3,,1990)
- Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA)(Oct. 27,,1992)
- Bioterrorism Act of 2002 (June 12,2002)
- More information about the Bioterrorism Act
- Project BioShield Act of 2004 (July 21,,2004)
所有這些法律也同時收錄在21USC中,。
3. 食品法規(guī)
美國所有與食品有關(guān)的法規(guī)都匯編與21CFR中。